Different kinds of inheritance
Dominant and Recessive Autosomal Inheritance
Autosomal inheritance is one of the major inheritance patterns. This type of inheritance is then broken down further into dominate and recessive traits. This pattern is mainly seen in pregnancy. With this inheritance pattern there is a 50% chance the baby will inherit the disease allele. The only way a child will not inherit the disease allele is if a new mutation occurs. Autosomal dominate inheritance is the other type of pattern. It is often called vertical inheritance because it is transmitted from the parent to the child. An example of autosomal dominant inheritance is Myotonic Dystrophy and Huntington’s disease. Autosomal dominant inheritance is when the parents of the infected child are not affected but do carry the gene. There is a 25% chance the baby will inherit two copies of the disease and will contract it. There is a 50% chance the baby will inherit one copy of the disease allele and will be a carrier. Lastly there is a 25% chance the offspring will not inherit any copies of the disease. Therefore they would not pass the disorder on to their child. This dominant inheritance is seen in every generation of a family.
The second type is autosomal recessive inheritance. Autosomal recessive inheritance is not seen in every generation of a family. An affected person typically has unaffected parents who carry a single copy of the gene. In order to retract the disease you need two copies of the mutated gene. An example of an autosomal recessive disease is sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms caused by mutations in the EDAR and EDARADD.
Autosomal inheritance is one of the major inheritance patterns. This type of inheritance is then broken down further into dominate and recessive traits. This pattern is mainly seen in pregnancy. With this inheritance pattern there is a 50% chance the baby will inherit the disease allele. The only way a child will not inherit the disease allele is if a new mutation occurs. Autosomal dominate inheritance is the other type of pattern. It is often called vertical inheritance because it is transmitted from the parent to the child. An example of autosomal dominant inheritance is Myotonic Dystrophy and Huntington’s disease. Autosomal dominant inheritance is when the parents of the infected child are not affected but do carry the gene. There is a 25% chance the baby will inherit two copies of the disease and will contract it. There is a 50% chance the baby will inherit one copy of the disease allele and will be a carrier. Lastly there is a 25% chance the offspring will not inherit any copies of the disease. Therefore they would not pass the disorder on to their child. This dominant inheritance is seen in every generation of a family.
The second type is autosomal recessive inheritance. Autosomal recessive inheritance is not seen in every generation of a family. An affected person typically has unaffected parents who carry a single copy of the gene. In order to retract the disease you need two copies of the mutated gene. An example of an autosomal recessive disease is sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis. Autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms caused by mutations in the EDAR and EDARADD.
Dominant and recessive X-linked
The next type of inheritance pattern that also has a dominant and recessive side, is x-linked. Men and women are affected by x-linked dominant inheritance. Males are more affected than females because they carry one copy of the gene found on the X chromosome. When a man retracts the disease there is a chance that it could kill him. When a pregnant female retracts the disease, each child she has will have a 50% chance of getting the disease. When a male has this type of gene, all of his daughters will contract it but none of his sons will. An example of x-linked dominate inheritance is Oral-facial-digital syndrome (type I), and Fragile X syndrome. In order to be affected by x-linked recessive disease, Someone has to have two copies of a disease allele on the X chromosome. Since males only have one copy of a particular gene (for X-linked), any male with one copy of an X-linked recessive disease will get it. Females are mainly carriers because they only have one copy of the disease allele. If a woman becomes pregnant, there is a 50% chance her daughter will be a carrier and a 50% chance her son will inherit the disease. Men will only pass the allele to their daughters. Some examples of x-linked recessive genes are Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and hypohidrotic/ anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
The next type of inheritance pattern that also has a dominant and recessive side, is x-linked. Men and women are affected by x-linked dominant inheritance. Males are more affected than females because they carry one copy of the gene found on the X chromosome. When a man retracts the disease there is a chance that it could kill him. When a pregnant female retracts the disease, each child she has will have a 50% chance of getting the disease. When a male has this type of gene, all of his daughters will contract it but none of his sons will. An example of x-linked dominate inheritance is Oral-facial-digital syndrome (type I), and Fragile X syndrome. In order to be affected by x-linked recessive disease, Someone has to have two copies of a disease allele on the X chromosome. Since males only have one copy of a particular gene (for X-linked), any male with one copy of an X-linked recessive disease will get it. Females are mainly carriers because they only have one copy of the disease allele. If a woman becomes pregnant, there is a 50% chance her daughter will be a carrier and a 50% chance her son will inherit the disease. Men will only pass the allele to their daughters. Some examples of x-linked recessive genes are Duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, and hypohidrotic/ anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
Codominant
Codominant inheritance is another common pattern. There two different alleles of the gene that can be expressed. In each version of the codominant inheritance pattern makes a different protein. The alleles will affect the genetic trait and can determine the characteristics of the condition being passed
Codominant inheritance is another common pattern. There two different alleles of the gene that can be expressed. In each version of the codominant inheritance pattern makes a different protein. The alleles will affect the genetic trait and can determine the characteristics of the condition being passed
Mitochondrial
the last type of inheritance pattern is mitochondrial. It is also know as maternal inheritance. A mitochondria is a structure in each cell that converts molecules into energy. Each mitochondria contains a small amount of DNA. Egg cells help the mitochondria develop embryos, therefore only females can give mitochondrial mutations to their children. This disorder can be inherited by males and females and can be passed through every generation.
There is a lot of current research going on today about genetic inheritance patterns. Genetic testing, hereditary mutation, gene sequencing, and human mutation are some modern advances. Genetic testing is the examination of chromosomes, proteins, and metabolites. Genetic testing for diseases can help when treating and preventing illness. Hereditary mutation is the change of gene that occurs in cell and is then included into every cell in the body. Gene sequencing is the laboratory process that determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome at a single time. Lastly, human mutation is when a DNA gene is damaged or changed so that it alters the genetic message carried by that gene.
the last type of inheritance pattern is mitochondrial. It is also know as maternal inheritance. A mitochondria is a structure in each cell that converts molecules into energy. Each mitochondria contains a small amount of DNA. Egg cells help the mitochondria develop embryos, therefore only females can give mitochondrial mutations to their children. This disorder can be inherited by males and females and can be passed through every generation.
There is a lot of current research going on today about genetic inheritance patterns. Genetic testing, hereditary mutation, gene sequencing, and human mutation are some modern advances. Genetic testing is the examination of chromosomes, proteins, and metabolites. Genetic testing for diseases can help when treating and preventing illness. Hereditary mutation is the change of gene that occurs in cell and is then included into every cell in the body. Gene sequencing is the laboratory process that determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome at a single time. Lastly, human mutation is when a DNA gene is damaged or changed so that it alters the genetic message carried by that gene.